Cooking pays for assembly, not heat
The surprise in this table is how few of the top rows involve a range. Most of the best Cooking money comes from assembling things other players want to cook or eat: raw wild pies (85), raw summer pies (95) and raw admiral pies (70), pineapple pizzas (65) and pastry or pie shells at any level. These need the Cooking level to add the ingredients but never burn, so the margin is exactly what the table says.
Raw pies sell because players who train Cooking with the Bake Pie spell, or cook pies on a range, would rather buy them ready-made. Pie shells, raw pies and pastry dough have limits of 13,000 every four hours, which covers a long session.
Cooking fish: burn rates decide everything
Cooking fish is usually a small profit per fish, and a single burnt fish can wipe out the margin on several cooked ones. That is why the high-level fish rows (shark, anglerfish, dark crab, the new Sailing fish) only become worth doing once your burn rate is low. These are the levels where you stop burning entirely on a range:
| Fish | With cooking gauntlets | Gauntlets plus Hosidius range |
|---|---|---|
| Lobster | 64 | 60 |
| Swordfish | 80 | 76 |
| Monkfish | 86 | 82 |
| Shark | 94 | 89 (84 with the elite diary) |
| Anglerfish | 97 | 93 (87 with the elite diary) |
Cooking gauntlets come from Family Crest, and without them sharks and anglerfish can still burn at 99. The Hosidius kitchen range lowers burn chance further with the Kourend and Kebos diaries. Below those levels you still profit on some fish, but the table's number assumes some burns, so it will look lower than the raw price gap.
The appeal of fish is AFK time. An inventory of 28 takes about a minute on a range with nothing to click in between, and cooked shark, anglerfish and karambwan have limits of 10,000 so you will not run out. For many players cooking is something to run on a second screen rather than a money maker.
The Sailing effect
Sailing added new fish and new uses for old ones. Yellowfin, halibut, bluefin and marlin come from deep sea trawling, and cutting raw fish with a knife gives fine fish offcuts for trawling bait, plus scales from some species. Rows such as cutting raw marlin or yellowfin often show a strong figure because a knife gets through fish very quickly, but they depend on prices that are still settling, so check the 7 day chart for each fish before you commit. The Sailing money making table covers trawling itself.
Pasting squid is another newer row: squid paste is a Herblore secondary, so its price follows potion demand rather than food demand.
How to read the numbers
Each row prices raw ingredients and the product at the current mid price, takes Grand Exchange tax off the product, and uses a realistic rate per hour. For fish, the yield is reduced by an expected burn rate. Check 24 hour volume on pies and pizzas; they trade in smaller amounts than fish. If you want levels more than gold, the Cooking calculator shows xp and cost for every food, the Cooking training guide has the fastest routes, and the OSRS best food list shows which foods give the most healing per coin, which is a good hint of what sells.